Further back to Apple’s beginnings, the Lisa, successor to the Apple II, never took off. For Apple’s next computer, the original Mac, Jobs "borrowed and stole liberally from Lisa, in terms of ideas, assets and people,” recalled Trip Hawkins, one of the first 25 Apple employees, and later the founder of Electronic Arts (EA) gaming company, in a blog post this week.

"In fact, Mac would not have had printer fonts or any form of printer for another two years were it not for Lisa,” Hawkins elaborated.Yet as Jobs himself did admit, the credit for Apple’s successes didn’t belong to him alone. Nor did the blame for Apple’s mistakes. In discussions of Apple’s future fate, much has been made of the contrast in styles between the charismatic (if sometimes abrasive) product innovator and his replacement, the mild-mannered and diligent Tim Cook, who rose to COO and then CEO at Apple after streamlining the company’s supply chain by shutting down manufacturing plants.

There’s also been tons of talk around Jobs’ close creative relationship with Jonathan ("Jony”) Ive, Apple’s brilliant design chief, who led development of both the iPhone and the iPad.Jobs, though, often espoused teamwork among groups of employees, even back in the early days. "Great things in business are never done by one person; they are done by a team of people,” Jobs noted in a TV interview on 60 Minutes a number of years back.

"My model for business is the Beatles. They were four guys who kept each other’s negative tendencies in check; they balanced each other. And the total was greater than the sum of the parts,” he illustrated.Although not all of them have drawn as much recent attention as Cook or Ive, Apple’s management team is made up of at least 15 key players, including several on the software side: Dr. Guy (Bud) Tribble, VP of software technology; Scott Forstall, senior VP in charge of iOS software; Craig Federighi, recently promoted to senior VP, software engineering; and Eddy Cue, who now steps up to the job of head of Internet software and services.

In resigning as Apple’s CEO on August 24 of this year, just some six weeks before his untimely death at the age of 56 from pancreatic cancer, Jobs wrote to Apple employees that, "I believe Apple’s brightest and most innovative days are ahead of it.”

Jobs’ confidence could be warranted in the sense in that all members of the current team have carried out key parts in earlier Apple innovations.Mac OS X Lion, on the other hand, gains new features such as a MAC App Store; multitouch gestures; versioning, for automatically saving various versions of docs while you work; and AirDrop, for sharing files with other PCs.

"NeXTStep already had a fully featured operating system and could play videos, record sound and embed objects. In comparison, Windows hadn’t even reached version 3 by the time of NeXTStep’s debut,” according to Alan Blewitt, editor of the InfoQ blog, who owned a NeXTStation during the early 1990s.

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Developers wrote the first version of HTTP on a NeXTStation. The computer never caught on commercially, however, due to its costliness. Jobs then transitioned NeXT into a software company.Forstall also followed Jobs from NeXT to Apple, where he led development on several releases of OS X, an OS incorporating object-oriented development technologies first created for NexTStep. After spearheading the success of the OS X Leopard release, Forstall took over development of iOS.

The new iOS 5, which is built right into Apple’s new iPhone 4GS, also includes several new capabilities apparently inspired by the rival Android OS but absent from Apple’s mobile OS until now, such as PC-free operations, notifications, and wireless syncing.

Federighi doesn’t turn up in the limelight nearly as often as Forstall. Yet he is another former NeXT employee who followed Jobs to Apple. After leaving Apple in 1999, Federighi came back a decade later to focus solely on OS X. Federighi’s role with OS X was expanded earlier this year when Bertrand Serlet, another long-time Apple engineer, departed the company in March. Serlet, known internally as the "Jony Ive of software,” was one of many Apple employees who hailed originally from Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center).

Other key members of Apple’s current management team include Phil Schiller, senior VP of worldwide product marketing; Bob Mansfield, senior VP of Mac hardware engineering; Peter Oppenheimer, senior VP, CFO; Bruce Sewell, senior VP, general counsel; Jeff Williams, senior VP, operations; and Katie Cotton, VP, worldwide corporate communications. Apple hasn’t yet named a replacement for Cook as COO.

Federighi’s appointment as senior VP of software engineering came at an important time for Apple, because with the new Lion release, Apple is moving OS X’s architecture closer to that of iOS.Some users are now carping about the new iOS-inspired features in OS X Lion, contending that while these might make sense on mobile devices, they’re only interferences on Macs and MacBooks.

Some have speculated that OS X might ultimately go away entirely, meaning that Apple will be using iOS across PCs along with its iPad tablets and iPhone. Interestingly, Microsoft is taking a similar but more limited approach with Windows 8, an emerging OS designed to work across both PCs and ARM-based tablets. Although Windows 8 won’t run on phones, it will use the same tile-based GUI as Windows Phone 7.

Windows 8 recently entered developers pre-release mode, and Microsoft plans to add many more features — still unknown — to the new OS before it ultimately reaches final release.Will Apple escalate its current "‘iOS-ization” of OS X, or back off from that path? Will the company eventually emulate some of the types of features that appear in Windows 8?

Meanwhile, full details haven’t been announced yet about Ice Cream Sandwich, a forthcoming major update to the Android OS which will be optimized for both tablets and phones (but not for PCs). When Ice Cream Sandwich sees the light of day, will Apple imitate some of its capabilities in iOS? Alternatively, will Apple take iOS in a different kind of direction? Time will tell.Over in Internet software and services, Cue will also play a pivotal role going forward at Apple. Cue was promoted to senior VP there in September after helping to create the Apple online store in 1998, the iTunes Music Store in 2003, and the App Store in 2008.

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